UNDER
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Traducere: română
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Un"der (ŭn"d&etilde_;r), prep. [AS. under, prep. & adv.; akin to OFries. under, OS. undar, D. onder, G. unter, OHG. untar, Icel. undir, Sw. & Dan. under, Goth. undar, L. infra below, inferior lower, Skr. adhas below. √201. Cf. Inferior.] 1. Below or lower, in place or position, with the idea of being covered; lower than; beneath; -- opposed to over; as, he stood under a tree; the carriage is under cover; a cellar extends under the whole house.
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Fruit put in bottles, and the bottles let down into wells under water, will keep long.
Bacon.
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Be gathered now, ye waters under heaven,
Into one place.
Milton.
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2. Hence, in many figurative uses which may be classified as follows; --
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(a) Denoting relation to some thing or person that is superior, weighs upon, oppresses, bows down, governs, directs, influences powerfully, or the like, in a relation of subjection, subordination, obligation, liability, or the like; as, to travel under a heavy load; to live under extreme oppression; to have fortitude under the evils of life; to have patience under pain, or under misfortunes; to behave like a Christian under reproaches and injuries; under the pains and penalties of the law; the condition under which one enters upon an office; under the necessity of obeying the laws; under vows of chastity.
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Both Jews and Gentiles . . . are all under sin.
Rom. iii. 9.
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That led the embattled seraphim to war
Under thy conduct.
Milton.
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Who have their provand
Only for bearing burdens, and sore blows
For sinking under them.
Shak.
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(b) Denoting relation to something that exceeds in rank or degree, in number, size, weight, age, or the like; in a relation of the less to the greater, of inferiority, or of falling short.
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Three sons he dying left under age.
Spenser.
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Medicines take effect sometimes under, and sometimes above, the natural proportion of their virtue.
Hooker.
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There are several hundred parishes in England under twenty pounds a year.
Swift.
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It was too great an honor for any man under a duke.
Addison.
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&hand_; Hence, it sometimes means at, with, or for, less than; as, he would not sell the horse under sixty dollars.
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Several young men could never leave the pulpit under half a dozen conceits.
Swift.
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(c) Denoting relation to something that comprehends or includes, that represents or designates, that furnishes a cover, pretext, pretense, or the like; as, he betrayed him under the guise of friendship; Morpheus is represented under the figure of a boy asleep.
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A crew who, under names of old renown . . . abused
Fanatic Egypt.
Milton.
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Mr. Duke may be mentioned under the double capacity of a poet and a divine.
Felton.
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Under this head may come in the several contests and wars betwixt popes and the secular princes.
C. Leslie.
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(d) Less specifically, denoting the relation of being subject, of undergoing regard, treatment, or the like; as, a bill under discussion.
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Abject and lost, lay these, covering the flood,
Under amazement of their hideous change.
Milton.
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Under arms. (Mil.) (a) Drawn up fully armed and equipped. (b) Enrolled for military service; as, the state has a million men under arms. -- Under canvas. (a) (Naut.) Moved or propelled by sails; -- said of any vessel with her sail set, but especially of a steamer using her sails only, as distinguished from one under steam. Under steam and canvas signifies that a vessel is using both means of propulsion. (b) (Mil.) Provided with, or sheltered in, tents. -- Under fire, exposed to an enemy's fire; taking part in a battle or general engagement. -- Under foot. See under Foot, n. -- Under ground, below the surface of the ground. -- Under one's signature, with one's signature or name subscribed; attested or confirmed by one's signature. Cf. the second Note under Over, prep. -- Under sail. (Naut.) (a) With anchor up, and under the influence of sails; moved by sails; in motion. (b) With sails set, though the anchor is down. (c) Same as Under canvas (a), above. Totten. -- Under sentence, having had one's sentence pronounced. -- Under the breath, with low voice; very softly. -- Under the lee (Naut.), to the leeward; as, under the lee of the land. -- Under the rose. See under Rose, n. -- Under water, below the surface of the water. -- Under way, or Under weigh (Naut.), in a condition to make progress; having started.
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Un"der (ŭn"d&etilde_;r), adv. In a lower, subject, or subordinate condition; in subjection; -- used chiefly in a few idiomatic phrases; as, to bring under, to reduce to subjection; to subdue; to keep under, to keep in subjection; to control; to go under, to be unsuccessful; to fail; to go bankrupt.
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I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection.
1 Cor. ix. 27.
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The minstrel fell, but the foeman's chain
Could not bring his proud soul under.
Moore.
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&hand_; Under is often used in composition with a verb to indicate lowness or inferiority in position or degree, in the act named by the verb; as, to underline; to undermine; to underprop.
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Un"der, a. Lower in position, intensity, rank, or degree; subject; subordinate; -- generally in composition with a noun, and written with or without the hyphen; as, an undercurrent; undertone; underdose; under-garment; underofficer; undersheriff.
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Under covert (Zo&ö;l.), one of the feathers situated beneath the bases of the quills in the wings and tail of a bird. See Illust. under Bird.
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