ROUGH
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Rough (?), a. [Compar. Rougher (?); superl. Roughest.] [OE. rou&unr_;, rou, row, rugh, ruh, AS. r&unr_;h; akin to LG. rug, D. rug, D. ruig, ruw, OHG. r&unr_;h, G. rauh, rauch; cf. Lith. raukas wrinkle, rukti to wrinkle. √ 18. Cf. Rug, n.] 1. Having inequalities, small ridges, or points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough stone; rough cloth. Specifically: (a) Not level; having a broken surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or of a road. “Rough, uneven ways.” Shak.
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(b) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond. (c) Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of water.
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More unequal than the roughest sea.
T. Burnet.
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(d) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of dress, appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat. “A visage rough.” Dryden. “Roughsatyrs.” Milton.
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2. Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish. Specifically: (a) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a rough temper.
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A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough.
Shak.
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A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds.
Prior.
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(b) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures or actions.
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On the rough edge of battle.
Milton.
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A quicker and rougher remedy.
Clarendon.
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Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which rough and imperious usage often produces.
Locke.
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(c) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers. Pope.
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(d) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine. (e) Tempestuous; boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day.
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He stayeth his rough wind.
Isa. xxvii. 8.
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Time and the hour runs through the roughest day.
Shak.
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(f) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a rough estimate; a rough draught.
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Rough diamond, an uncut diamond; hence, colloquially, a person of intrinsic worth under a rude exterior. -- Rough and ready. (a) Acting with offhand promptness and efficiency. “The rough and ready understanding.” Lowell.
[1913 Webster](b) Produced offhand. “Some rough and ready theory.” Tylor.
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Rough, n. 1. Boisterous weather. [Obs.] Fletcher.
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2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
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In the rough, in an unwrought or rude condition; unpolished; as, a diamond or a sketch in the rough.
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Contemplating the people in the rough.
Mrs. Browning.
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Rough, adv. In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
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Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their boats.
Sir W. Scott.
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Rough, v. t. 1. To render rough; to roughen.
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2. To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes. Crabb.
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3. To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough out a carving, a sketch.
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Roughing rolls, rolls for reducing, in a rough manner, a bloom of iron to bars. -- To rough it, to endure hard conditions of living; to live without ordinary comforts.
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